Dab tsi yog Capacitors?

Capacitors yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke. Lawv siv ntau txoj hauv kev, los ntawm kev khaws cia lub zog mus rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ICs.

Ntau hom capacitors muaj los ua kom tau raws li koj xav tau, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab raug ntsuas rau qhov sib txawv voltages. Lawv tuaj yeem muab sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv ib lub voj voog, lossis lawv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv series.

Muaj ntau ntau hom capacitor, suav nrog ceramic thiab polymer. Qee qhov yog soldered rau lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm, thaum lwm tus yog nto mount. Lawv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nrog rau ntau hom muaj nyob rau ntau daim ntawv thov.

Lub capacitor yog tsim los ntawm ob daim hlau sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv dielectric. Lawv yog cov insulated ntawm ib leeg, thiab thaum muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws hla lawv, nws hloov cov nqi ntawm ib phaj ntawm lub capacitor. Cov nyhuv zoo ib yam li cov dej hloov txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov roj hmab membrane thaum nws ntws los ntawm nws.

Tus nqi ntawm lub zog khaws cia rau hauv lub capacitor yog tib yam li tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons ntawm txhua phaj. Tus nqi ntawm txhua lub phaj nce thaum muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws, thiab txo qis thaum tam sim no nres. Lub zog muaj peev xwm yog tom qab ntawd tuav hauv hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm ob daim hlau ntawm lub capacitor. Lub zog no yog tom qab ntawd tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm tam sim no raug tshem tawm, zoo li lub pas dej tso tawm dej siab thaum nws khiav tawm ntawm cov dej.

Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom, nrog rau ib co txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ib pawg ntawm ntau daim hlau thiab disks. Cov no feem ntau hu ua "stacking" capacitors, thiab yog tsim los rau cov nqi me me ntawm capacitance (microfarads thiab tsawg dua), qhov loj dua tus nqi capacitors tuaj yeem muaj ib lossis ntau daim hlau.

Qee qhov yog dov mus rau hauv cov raj, thaum lwm tus yog tiaj tus lossis square hauv cov duab. Lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv hlau, los yog ib txheej ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hlau rau ntawm cov khoom siv dielectric xws li Mylar.

Dhau li muaj peev xwm khaws thiab tso tawm lub zog, capacitors kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lawv feem ntau txuas nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev hloov pauv tam sim no los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog, kom lawv tsis cuam tshuam cov teeb liab thiab kev tswj xyuas circuitry ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Lub capacitor kuj tseem siv tau los ua kom cov zis ntawm DC lub zog, xws li diode rectifier. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tsheb suab tshuab qhov twg lub capacitor them nyiaj rau qhov inductance ntawm cov hlau lead uas txuas mus rau lub roj teeb kua qaub.

Lawv kuj tau siv los khaws cov hluav taws xob hauv tsheb hluav taws xob. Cov hluav taws xob khaws cia yog siv los txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav thiab lwm yam haujlwm.

Tsis zoo li cov roj teeb, cov capacitors tsis yooj yim puas los ntawm high-voltage stresses. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv lub capacitor uas tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub voj voog. Lub capacitor kuj yuav tsum tau ntsuas rau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub voj voog.