Dab tsi yog Kev Pabcuam Lub Neej thiab Kev Ntseeg ntawm Capacitors?

Capacitors yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ntau qhov kev tsim hluav taws xob, tab sis lawv kuj tuaj yeem yog ib feem kim ntawm lub kaw lus. Qhov no yog vim li cas, thaum yuav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias qhov kev pab cuam lub neej thiab kev ntseeg siab yog dab tsi ntawm ntau hom capacitor.

Lub capacitor yog ib qho khoom siv uas khaws cov nqi hluav taws xob, uas muaj cov khoom sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv insulating hu ua 'dielectric'. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog huab cua, ntawv, yas, mica lossis ceramics. Lub dielectric muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug capacitor, thiab cov khoom no cuam tshuam npaum li cas capacitance lub capacitor yuav ua tau.

Feem ntau hom capacitor yog aluminium electrolytic capacitor, uas yog tsim los ntawm ob qho txhuas foils, ib qho ntawm cov insulating oxide txheej, thiab ib lub spacer soaked nyob rau hauv conductive kua electrolyte. Qhov no yog dov, muab tso rau hauv ib lub cylindrical casing thiab haum nrog ob tug txuas pins, los yog ob txhais ceg.

Cov kaus mom no yog polarised, txhais tau hais tias txhua qhov DC voltages siv thoob plaws lawv yuav tsum tau taw qhia raws li qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm lawv lub cev. Lawv pheej yig los tsim, thiab, tsis zoo li feem ntau lwm hom capacitor, yog lub cev me me rau cov peev txheej uas lawv muab.

Lawv lub neej ua haujlwm feem ntau yog 15 xyoo lossis ntau dua, thiab feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem rov siv tau ntev tom qab ntawd. Feem ntau, lawv yuav tau poob qee qhov ntawm lawv cov peev txheej, vim yog cov evaporation ntawm electrolyte, tab sis lawv tseem yuav siv tau.

Nyob rau hauv lub suab circuitry, feem ntau siv cov capacitors yog rau peb lub zog: coupling DC voltage los ntawm ib tug Circuit Court cov zis mus rau lwm tus; decoupling thiab khaws cia cov khoom siv hluav taws xob; thiab zaus xaiv circuits xws li lim thiab equalisers. Hauv cov ntawv thov no lawv ua tau zoo heev 'blocker' ntawm DC tam sim no ntws, txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub teeb liab zoo los ntawm kev qhia ntau lub suab nrov rau lub kaw lus.

Lawv kuj ua raws li 'filter' los ntawm kev txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov teeb liab tsawg zaus thiab, qee zaum, txhim kho cov lus teb ntawm ntau zaus kom ua rau cov teeb liab no yooj yim dua rau lub tshuab ua kom rov tsim dua. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam sib txawv circuits, thiab muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm tube xov tooj cua mus rau lub computer thiab suab iav.

Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub capacitor nyob ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau cov khoom uas nws tau tsim los ntawm, nws daim ntawv thov thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw uas nws khaws cia lossis ua haujlwm. Nws tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cua sov hauv zos, rov qab polarity DC thiab tam sim no surges, thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm ripple tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog.

Feem ntau hais lus, electrolytic capacitors muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev degradation dua li cov uas tsis yog-electrolytic, thiab lawv cov ESR (sab hauv sib npaug sib npaug series kuj) nyhav zuj zus thaum lawv muaj hnub nyoog. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov insulators ntawm electrolytics yog thinner thiab muaj cov cheeb tsam loj dua li lawv cov khoom uas tsis yog electrolytic, uas ua rau lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tam sim no.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim tau zoo tuaj yeem ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm lub kaus mom electrolytic los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom sov los ntawm kev tsim lawv. Qhov no yog qhov uas nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov, thiab hloov cov electrolytics uas tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej kev pab cuam thaum nws tsim nyog.