Tsib Kev Siv Khoom Siv Copper

Cov hlau qub tshaj plaws uas paub rau tib neeg, tooj liab yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim thiab hloov ntau yam kev vam meej, los ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub thiab Loos mus rau cov kab lis kev cai niaj hnub no. Niaj hnub no, nws yog qhov thib peb feem ntau siv hlau hauv ntiaj teb tom qab hlau ore thiab txhuas. Raws li US Geological Survey, txhua tus neeg Asmeskas yug hauv 2008 yuav siv 1,309 phaus ntawm cov hlau hauv lawv lub neej rau kev tsim nyog, kev ua neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv.

Tooj liab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub neej niaj hnub no thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam kev lag luam. Ntawm no yog 5 qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv tooj liab hnub no:

Kev tsim vaj tsev

Yuav luag ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tooj liab mus rau hauv cov tsev, los ntawm cov skyscrapers hauv plawv nroog mus rau cov tsev nyob hauv nroog, raws li US Geological Survey's Mineral Commodities Summary. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev nruab nrab ntawm ib tsev neeg muaj txog 200 kilograms ntawm tooj liab.

Tooj liab muaj lub cev muaj zog uas ob peb cov hlau tuaj yeem sib phim, thiab siv ntau yam kev siv hauv tsev, los ntawm cua sov thiab kav dej mus rau vov tsev thiab hluav taws xob thaiv.

Lub malleability ntawm tooj liab ua rau nws yooj yim rau solder, tab sis nws muaj zog txaus los tsim cov ntawv cog lus xav tau rau cov kav dej thiab hluav taws xob. Tooj liab yog lub teeb, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas me ntsis, thiab vim nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, nws tuaj yeem kav ntau pua xyoo.

Cov khoom siv tooj liab kuj muaj tus nqi qis ntawm thermal expansion, ua rau nws ruaj khov thiab resistant rau deterioration vim kev txav. Nws yog ib qho teeb pom kev zoo piv rau cov hlau lead thiab yuav tsum tau kho me ntsis piv rau lwm cov hlau.

Cov tooj liab kuj tsis yog hlau nplaum thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau biofouling, yog li nws feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam los tsim cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej rau kev faib dej haus thiab cua sov thiab cua txias. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim rau hauv cov duab nyuaj thiab siv los ua cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv thiab cov khoom siv flash rau gutters, downpipes thiab sab saum toj npog.

Tooj liab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kub lossis txias, thiab cov pob qij txha tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv vuam lossis vuam. Lwm qhov loj ntxiv: tooj liab yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tiv thaiv kab mob, kab mob thiab kab mob ua rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev siv hauv cov kav dej thiab kev thauj dej.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tooj liab yog cov hlau ruaj khov rau kev tsim kho vaj tsev vim nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov ua dua yam tsis muaj kev poob qis lossis kev ua haujlwm, uas txhais tau tias nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub neej qis dua.

Hluav taws xob

Cov khoom siv tooj liab yog suav tias yog "tus qauv kub" rau kev xaim hluav taws xob. Nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua li lwm cov hlau, thiab nws qhov kev nplua nuj raws li cov khoom siv raw ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob.

Tooj liab muaj 60 feem pua ​​​​siab dua thermal conductivity tshaj txhuas thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov cua sov los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov cua kub ntau dua uas raug tshem tawm ntawm lub processor, nws ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thiab tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lwm yam tseem ceeb.

Kev thauj mus los

Los ntawm roj av-powered thiab hluav taws xob tsheb mus rau tsheb ciav hlau thiab dav hlau, tooj liab kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm peb txoj kev mus los txhua hnub.

Hauv kev lag luam automotive, tooj liab yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov brakes, bearings, connectors, motors, heat sinks thiab cable. Lub tsheb ib txwm muaj peev xwm tuav tau txog li 50 phaus ntawm tooj liab: 40 phaus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab 10 phaus rau cov khoom tsis yog hluav taws xob. Cov tsheb hluav taws xob cia siab rau tooj liab los ua hluav taws xob hauv cov roj teeb, cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw them nyiaj.

Hauv kev lag luam kev tsheb ciav hlau, cov khoom siv tooj liab yog siv los ua ntau yam ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau, nrog rau cov motors, brakes thiab tswj, nrog rau cov hluav taws xob thiab cov teeb liab. Ib tug zoo diesel-hluav taws xob railway locomotive siv txog 11, 000 phaus hlau.

Lub dav hlau xav tau tooj liab rau cua txias, hydraulics thiab navigation, thiab hluav taws xob tshuab. Kwv yees li 2 feem pua ​​​​ntawm Boeing 747-200 dav hlau qhov hnyav yog tooj liab. Qhov hnyav ntawd suav nrog 632, 000 ko taw ntawm tooj liab hlau.

Cov khoom siv

Hauv cov khoom siv, tooj liab ncav cuag thiab kev cuam tshuam ntau ntau. Kev kho mob, hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab kos duab kev lag luam, ntawm ntau lwm tus, tau ntev lawm cov neeg muas zaub loyal.

Neeg kho tshuab

Txij li thaum tooj liab thiab nws cov alloys yog cov khoom siv ntau yam engineering niaj hnub no, lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov tshuab thiab khoom siv. Cov no suav nrog cov kav dej tooj liab, hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog, evaporators, condensers, kub exchangers, li qub thiab cov hlab ntsha uas siv los muaj cov xov xwm corrosive. Corrosion-resistant tooj liab alloys yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov chaw subsea, xws li desalination machinery thiab offshore roj thiab roj rigs.

Lub zog tauj dua tshiab tseem tso siab rau tooj liab, ib qho tseem ceeb raw cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los tsim windmill turbines thiab hnub ci tshuab. Lub zog tauj dua tshiab tuaj yeem muaj 12 npaug ntau dua tooj liab hlau dua li cov qauv siv hluav taws xob. Cua ua liaj ua teb siv 4 lab mus rau 15 lab phaus ntawm tooj liab, thaum lub hnub ci photovoltaic ua liaj ua teb xav tau 9,000 phaus ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab ib megawatt.