Photovoltaic Basic Knowledge Collation

1.

Lub zog photovoltaic yog dab tsi? Dab tsi yog kev faib hluav taws xob photovoltaic?

Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic hais txog kev tsim hluav taws xob uas ncaj qha hloov hnub ci hluav taws xob rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob niaj hnub no. Yog li ntawd, dab tsi tib neeg feem ntau hais txog hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog photovoltaic zog tsim.

Kev faib hluav taws xob yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic tsim nyob ze ntawm tus neeg siv lub xaib. Kev ua haujlwm hom yog tsuas yog siv rau tus kheej ntawm tus neeg siv, thiab lub zog ntau dhau yog txuas nrog daim phiaj, tab sis qhov kev sib npaug ntawm qhov kev faib hluav taws xob yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic.

Kev faib hluav taws xob ua raws li qhov kev sim thawj zaug ntawm kev hloov kho cov kev ntsuas hauv zos, huv si thiab siv tau zoo, kev teeb tsa kev faib tawm, thiab kev siv nyob ze, ua kom tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci hauv zos, thiab hloov thiab txo cov fossil zog noj.

 

2.

Koj puas paub keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic?

Xyoo 1839, thaum 19-xyoo-laus Fabkis Becquerel tau ua qhov kev sim ntawm lub cev, nws pom tias tam sim no ntawm ob lub hlau electrodes hauv cov kua ua kua yuav muaj zog thaum lawv tau irradiated nrog lub teeb, yog li nrhiav tau "photovoltaic effect". Xyoo 1930, Lange tau thov thawj zaug los siv "photovoltaic effect" los tsim lub hnub ci, tig lub hnub ci zog rau hauv hluav taws xob.

Xyoo 1932 Odubot thiab Stola ua thawj "cadmium sulfide" hnub ci cell.

Xyoo 1941 Audou nrhiav pom cov nyhuv photovoltaic ntawm silicon.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1954, Chapin, Fuller, thiab Pearson ntawm Tswb Laboratories hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim ib lub hnub ci monocrystalline silicon solar cell nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm 6 feem pua, uas yog thawj lub hnub ci cell nrog cov nqi siv tau hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Wick thawj zaug pom arsenic Nickel muaj cov nyhuv photovoltaic, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab nickel sulfide tso rau ntawm iav los ua lub hnub ci cell. Kev siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic thev naus laus zis uas hloov lub hnub ci rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau yug los thiab tsim.

 

3.

Yuav ua li cas photovoltaic hlwb tsim hluav taws xob?

Lub cell photovoltaic yog cov khoom siv semiconductor nrog lub teeb thiab hluav taws xob hloov pauv yam ntxwv. Nws ncaj qha hloov lub hnub ci hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic. Cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cell photovoltaic tau txais los ntawm doping qee yam ntsiab lus (xws li phosphorus lossis boron, thiab lwm yam), yog li ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv molecular, tsim cov khoom siv semiconductor nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, tus nqi dawb tuaj yeem ua tau. generated nyob rau hauv semiconductors nrog tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob khoom nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci, cov dawb nqi Orientation txav thiab accumulates, thiaj li hais tias hluav taws xob lub zog yog generated thaum nws ob kawg kaw. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua "photovoltaic effect" lossis photovoltaic nyhuv luv luv.

 

4.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog dab tsi?

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic muaj xws li photovoltaic square array (photovoltaic square array yog tsim los ntawm photovoltaic modules txuas nrog nyob rau hauv series thiab parallel), tus maub los, roj teeb pob, DC / AC inverter, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog tsim los ntawm cov cell photovoltaic txuas nrog hauv series, sib npaug, thiab ntim. Nws hloov lub teeb lub zog ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob. Cov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm photovoltaic modules yog qhov ncaj qha tam sim no. Peb tuaj yeem siv nws los yog siv lub inverter los hloov nws mus rau qhov hloov tam sim no rau kev siv. Los ntawm kev xav, lub zog hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic tuaj yeem siv tam sim ntawd, lossis nws tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li roj teeb, thiab tso tawm rau siv txhua lub sijhawm raws li xav tau.

 

5.

Dab tsi yog qhov kev faib tawm network? Dab tsi yog qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub network faib thiab faib cov hluav taws xob photovoltaic?

Lub network faib yog lub zog hluav taws xob uas tau txais hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm kev sib txuas lus lossis cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam thiab faib nws hauv zos los ntawm cov chaw faib hluav taws xob lossis rau ntau tus neeg siv cov kauj ruam raws li qhov voltage. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov kab hluav taws xob, cov yees, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob sib cais, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob reactive them capacitor, cov cuab yeej ntsuas ntsuas, thiab qee qhov chaw pabcuam feem ntau siv lub voj voog kaw thiab khiav hauv tib lub sijhawm. Nws cov qauv yog radial. Cov qauv hloov pauv los ntawm cov qauv radial mus rau ntau lub zog siv hluav taws xob, thiab qhov loj, kev taw qhia ntws, thiab kev faib cov yam ntxwv ntawm luv-circuit tam sim no txhua yam hloov.

 

6.

Vim li cas photovoltaic zog yog ntsuab thiab qis-carbon zog?

Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic muaj lub zog tseem ceeb, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws. Kev txhim kho 1 kilowatt photovoltaic fais fab kev tsim hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov nruab nrab hnub ci hauv kuv lub teb chaws tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob 1200 kilowatt-teev hauv ib xyoos, uas tuaj yeem txo qis kev siv cov thee (tus qauv thee) Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm World Wide Fund rau Xwm (WWF): Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide, txhim kho lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic ntawm 1 square meter yog sib npaug rau cog ntoo 100 square meters. Tam sim no, lub zog tauj dua tshiab xws li kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic tau tsim. Lub zog yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los daws cov teeb meem ib puag ncig xws li smog thiab kua qaub los nag.

 

7.

Koj xav li cas txog cov xov xwm hais tias "ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub zog yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov photovoltaic cell modules"?

Cov cell photovoltaic siv qee lub zog hauv lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev sib txuas ntawm kev lag luam silicon purification, high-purity polysilicon ntau lawm, monocrystalline silicon pas nrig, thiab polycrystalline silicon ingot ntau lawm. Lub zog tuaj yeem ua tsis tu ncua hauv. Nws yog kwv yees tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab hnub ci tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws, lub zog rov qab los ntawm lub photovoltaic fais fab tuag system nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub neej ncua tshaj nws lub zog noj los ntawm ntau tshaj 15 lub sij hawm. Lub sij hawm rov qab lub zog ntawm 1 kW rooftop photovoltaic grid-connected system ntsia ntawm qhov pom kev zoo ntawm lub kaum sab xis hauv Beijing yog 1.5-2 xyoo, uas yog qis dua qhov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm photovoltaic system. Qhov ntawd yog hais tias, hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm photovoltaic system nyob rau hauv thawj 1. yog cov zis ntshiab, yog li photovoltaic hlwb yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tag nrho lub neej voj voog zog noj.

 

8.

Koj xav li cas txog cov xov xwm uas "kev tsim cov photovoltaic cell modules yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug ntau?"

Kev tsim cov photovoltaic cell modules suav nrog polysilicon, silicon ingots, photovoltaic cell, thiab photovoltaic modules. Cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm cov pa phem feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov khoom siv raw ntawm photovoltaic modules, los ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov high-purity polysilicon, thiab kev tsim cov high-purity polysilicon. Feem ntau siv txoj kev txhim kho Siemens, uas hloov cov qib metallurgical silicon rau hauv trichlorohelium silicon, thiab tom qab ntawd txo nws mus rau hnub ci qib polysilicon los ntawm kev ntxiv hydrogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, silicon chloride yuav raug tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam, thiab silicon tetrachloride yuav decompose rau hauv silicic acid thaum nws ntsib huab cua ntub. Hydrogen chloride, yog tias tsis ua haujlwm zoo yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug, tab sis txoj kev txhim kho Siemens tau txais los ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov chaw tsim khoom polysilicon tuaj yeem ua tiav cov voj voog kaw, thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm silicon tetrachloride thiab tail gas tuaj yeem rov ua dua kom ua tiav cov khoom huv si. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2010, lub xeev tau tshaj tawm "Polysilicon Industry Access Conditions", uas tau teev tseg tias kev rov qab thiab siv cov nqi ntawm silicon tetrachloride thiab chlorine hauv qhov txo tus Tsov tus tw roj yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 98.5 feem pua ​​​​thiab 99 feem pua ​​​​, yog li kev paub tab txhim kho Siemens ntau lawm. thev naus laus zis ua tau raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Yuav tsis muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig.

 

9.

Peb muaj hnub ci npaum li cas? Nws puas tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog yav tom ntej?

Lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo tuaj yeem ua tau raws li 10, 000 npaug ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub zog xav tau. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo hluav taws xob tau txais ib square meter ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo nws txawv ntawm 1000-2000KWH nyob ntawm thaj tsam. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob Thoob Ntiaj Teb, hauv 4 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov suab puam Txhim kho lub hnub ci photovoltaic hauv ntiaj teb yog txaus los ua kom tau raws li lub ntiaj teb xav tau lub zog. Hnub ci photovoltaics txaus siab rau qhov chaw dav rau kev txhim kho, thiab lawv lub peev xwm loj heev.

Raws li kev txheeb cais ua ntej, kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog ntau dua 3 trillion kilowatts tsuas yog siv cov tsev uas twb muaj lawm. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev siv technology thiab kev siv loj, tus nqi ntawm lub zog tsim hluav taws xob yuav raug txo qis ntxiv, thiab nws yuav dhau los ua kev sib tw zog ntau dua, maj mam hloov los ntawm lub zog ntxiv rau lwm lub zog, thiab nws cia siab tias yuav dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb hauv lub zog. yav tom ntej.